
    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="zh-CN">
    <head>
      <meta charset="UTF-8">
      <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
      <title>HTTP 和 RPC 两者之间有什么不同？它们各自适用于哪些场景？ - 交互式测验</title>
      <style>
        @import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Noto+Sans+SC:wght@400;500;700&display=swap');
        
        body {
          font-family: 'Noto Sans SC', sans-serif;
          background-color: #f4f7f9;
          color: #333;
          display: flex;
          justify-content: center;
          align-items: center;
          min-height: 100vh;
          margin: 0;
          padding: 20px;
          box-sizing: border-box;
        }
        
        .main-wrapper {
            position: relative;
            width: 100%;
            max-width: 900px; /* Wider to accommodate buttons */
            display: flex;
            justify-content: center;
            align-items: center;
        }

        .quiz-container {
          background-color: #ffffff;
          border-radius: 16px;
          box-shadow: 0 8px 32px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
          width: 100%;
          max-width: 700px;
          overflow: hidden;
          z-index: 10;
        }

        .quiz-header {
          background-color: #4a90e2;
          color: white;
          padding: 20px 30px;
          text-align: center;
        }

        .quiz-header h1 {
          margin: 0;
          font-size: 24px;
          font-weight: 700;
        }
        
        .quiz-header p {
            margin: 5px 0 0;
            font-size: 14px;
            opacity: 0.9;
        }

        .quiz-body {
          padding: 30px;
        }

        .progress-bar {
            display: none; /* 隐藏进度条 */
            width: 100%;
            background-color: #e0e0e0;
            border-radius: 5px;
            height: 10px;
            margin-bottom: 20px;
        }

        #progress-indicator {
            height: 100%;
            width: 0%;
            background-color: #4caf50;
            border-radius: 5px;
            transition: width 0.3s ease;
        }

        #question-container {
          margin-bottom: 20px;
        }

        #question-text {
          font-size: 18px;
          font-weight: 500;
          line-height: 1.6;
          margin-bottom: 25px;
        }

        .options-list {
          list-style: none;
          padding: 0;
          margin: 0;
        }

        .option-item {
          background-color: #f8f9fa;
          border: 1px solid #dee2e6;
          border-radius: 8px;
          padding: 15px;
          margin-bottom: 12px;
          cursor: pointer;
          transition: background-color 0.2s ease, border-color 0.2s ease;
        }

        .option-item:hover {
          background-color: #e9ecef;
        }
        
        .option-item.selected {
            background-color: #d1e7fd;
            border-color: #4a90e2;
        }

        .quiz-footer {
          padding: 20px 30px;
          display: flex;
          justify-content: space-between; /* 将按钮分布在两侧 */
          align-items: center;
          min-height: 65px; /* Reserve space */
        }

        .nav-btn {
          background-color: #4a90e2;
          color: white;
          border: none;
          border-radius: 8px;
          padding: 10px 20px;
          font-size: 16px;
          font-weight: 500;
          cursor: pointer;
          transition: background-color 0.2s ease, transform 0.2s ease;
          box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);
        }
        
        #next-btn {
            background-color: #28a745;
        }

        .nav-btn:hover {
          background-color: #357abd;
          transform: scale(1.05);
        }
        
        .nav-btn:disabled {
            background-color: #a0c3e8;
            cursor: not-allowed;
            opacity: 0.7;
        }

        #result-container {
            border-top: 1px solid #eee;
        }
        
        .result-box {
            border-radius: 8px;
            padding: 20px;
            margin-top: 20px;
        }
        
        .result-box.correct {
            background-color: #d4edda;
            border: 1px solid #c3e6cb;
            color: #155724;
        }

        .result-box.incorrect {
            background-color: #f8d7da;
            border: 1px solid #f5c6cb;
            color: #721c24;
        }
        
        .result-box h3 {
            margin-top: 0;
        }

        .explanation-text {
            margin-top: 15px;
            line-height: 1.7;
        }
        
        .source-text {
            font-style: italic;
            font-size: 14px;
            margin-top: 15px;
            color: #555;
        }

        
        .final-score-container {
            padding: 40px;
            text-align: center;
        }
        .final-score-container h2 {
            margin-top: 0;
            margin-bottom: 30px;
        }
        .score-summary {
            display: flex;
            justify-content: center;
            gap: 20px;
            margin-bottom: 40px;
            flex-wrap: wrap;
        }
        .score-card {
            background-color: #f8f9fa;
            border-radius: 12px;
            padding: 20px;
            width: 180px;
            box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.05);
            border: 1px solid #e9ecef;
        }
        .score-card h3 {
            margin: 0 0 10px;
            font-size: 16px;
            font-weight: 500;
            color: #555;
        }
        .score-card p {
            margin: 0;
            font-size: 28px;
            font-weight: 700;
            color: #333;
        }
        .score-details table {
            width: 100%;
            font-size: 16px;
        }
        .score-details td {
            padding: 4px 0;
        }
        .score-details td:last-child {
            text-align: right;
            font-weight: 700;
        }
        .report-actions button {
            background-color: #fff;
            border: 1px solid #ccc;
            border-radius: 8px;
            padding: 12px 25px;
            font-size: 16px;
            cursor: pointer;
            margin: 0 10px;
            transition: background-color 0.2s ease, border-color 0.2s ease, transform 0.2s ease;
        }
        .report-actions button:hover {
            background-color: #f1f1f1;
            border-color: #bbb;
            transform: translateY(-2px);
        }
        .report-actions button.primary {
            background-color: #28a745;
            color: white;
            border-color: #28a745;
        }
        .report-actions button.primary:hover {
            background-color: #218838;
        }
        
        .hint-container {
            background-color: #e0f7fa;
            border: 1px solid #b2ebf2;
            border-radius: 8px;
            padding: 15px;
            margin-top: 20px;
            color: #006064;
            font-size: 15px;
            line-height: 1.6;
            display: none; /* 默认隐藏 */
        }
      </style>
    </head>
    <body>
      <div class="main-wrapper">
          <div class="quiz-container">
            <div class="quiz-header">
              <h1>HTTP 和 RPC 两者之间有什么不同？它们各自适用于哪些场景？ - 交互式测验</h1>
              <p>检验你对文档内容的理解程度</p>
            </div>
            <div id="quiz-content">
                <div class="quiz-body">
                    <div class="progress-bar">
                        <div id="progress-indicator"></div>
                    </div>
                    <div id="question-container">
                      <p id="question-text"></p>
                      <ul class="options-list" id="options-list"></ul>
                    </div>
                    <div id="result-container"></div>
                    <div id="hint-container" class="hint-container"></div>
                </div>
                <div class="quiz-footer" id="quiz-footer">
                  <button id="prev-btn" class="nav-btn">上一题</button>
                  <button id="hint-btn" class="nav-btn" style="background-color: #ffc107; color: #333; box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(255,193,7,0.3);">提示</button>
                  <button id="next-btn" class="nav-btn">下一题</button>
                </div>
            </div>
          </div>
      </div>

      <script>
        const quizData = [
  {
    "question": "根据文档描述，RPC（远程过程调用）协议的核心设计目标是什么？",
    "options": [
      "为Web浏览器和服务器之间提供一种标准化的、无状态的数据交换方式。",
      "允许程序调用远程计算机上的函数，如同调用本地函数一样，从而隐藏网络通信的复杂性。",
      "主要用于传输HTML文档和Web资源，以构建丰富的网页应用。",
      "确保分布式系统中所有节点的数据保持强一致性。"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 1,
    "explanation": "RPC的核心思想是让分布式或网络中的另一台计算机上的程序调用看起来就像是本地调用，它通过抽象化封装了底层的网络通信细节，使开发者能更专注于业务逻辑本身。",
    "source": "文档中「RPC」-「1. 定义和协议」部分",
    "hint": "文档中提到 RPC 的设计目的是“允许程序在不同的计算机上调用函数或过程，就像在本地调用一样。”"
  },
  {
    "question": "相较于通常基于文本的HTTP协议，RPC在性能方面的主要优势是什么？",
    "options": [
      "RPC的请求和响应格式更易于人类阅读和调试。",
      "RPC通常使用二进制协议进行数据传输，这带来了更高的性能和效率。",
      "RPC具有更好的跨平台和跨语言通用性，因此被广泛用于开放API。",
      "RPC强制使用无状态连接，显著减少了服务器的内存开销。"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 1,
    "explanation": "文档明确指出，RPC通常使用二进制协议传输数据，相比HTTP的文本协议，二进制协议的数据体积更小，序列化和反序列化速度更快，因此在性能和效率上通常更优。",
    "source": "文档中「RPC」-「3. 通信方式」和「4. 特点」部分",
    "hint": "思考一下二进制协议和文本协议在数据传输效率上的根本区别。"
  },
  {
    "question": "文档中描述的HTTP协议的一个核心特点是“无状态”，这具体指的是什么？",
    "options": [
      "每个请求都是独立的，服务器不会保存之前请求的客户端状态信息。",
      "客户端和服务器之间的数据传输是经过强类型校验的。",
      "服务器可以随时断开与客户端的连接而无需通知。",
      "HTTP协议只能传输纯文本格式的数据，如HTML。"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 0,
    "explanation": "HTTP的无状态性意味着服务器处理每个请求时，都不会依赖于该客户端之前的任何请求。如果需要维持状态（如用户登录），则需要借助Cookie、Session等外部机制。",
    "source": "文档中「HTTP」-「4. 特点」部分",
    "hint": "文档对“无状态”的定义是：“每个请求都是独立的，服务器不会保存客户端的状态信息。”"
  },
  {
    "question": "根据文档的建议，以下哪种场景最适合使用RPC协议？",
    "options": [
      "构建需要与浏览器直接交互的公开RESTful API。",
      "在公司内部的微服务架构中，实现服务之间的高效、低延迟通信。",
      "为网站加载网页内容和处理用户提交的表单。",
      "在不同的组织之间进行标准化的、简单的数据交换。"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 1,
    "explanation": "RPC因其高性能和低延迟的特点，非常适合用于内部系统，特别是在微服务架构中，服务间的调用频率高且对性能有较高要求。而面向公众的API和Web应用通常优先选择标准化和通用性更好的HTTP。",
    "source": "文档中「RPC」-「5. 适用场景」部分",
    "hint": "文档明确列出了“微服务架构”是RPC的一个关键适用场景。"
  },
  {
    "question": "关于HTTP和RPC所使用的数据格式，以下哪个说法是正确的？",
    "options": [
      "HTTP和RPC都强制规定必须使用JSON作为唯一的数据交换格式。",
      "HTTP通常使用JSON、XML等人类可读性较好的格式，而RPC常使用Protocol Buffers等更高效的二进制序列化格式。",
      "为了简化，RPC通常直接传输纯文本字符串，而HTTP使用复杂的二进制编码。",
      "HTTP只能传输HTML文档，而RPC只能传输二进制流。"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 1,
    "explanation": "两种协议都支持多种数据格式。HTTP因其在Web领域的广泛应用，常与JSON和XML结合使用。RPC为了追求性能，则倾向于使用像Protocol Buffers或Thrift这样更紧凑、编解码速度更快的二进制格式。",
    "source": "文档中「HTTP」-「2. 数据格式」和「RPC」-「2. 数据格式」部分",
    "hint": "回顾文档中关于两种协议“数据格式”的章节，它们分别列举了常用的格式选项。"
  },
  {
    "question": "文档总结中提到，选择HTTP而非RPC，通常是出于什么考虑？",
    "options": [
      "追求极致的低延迟和最高的吞吐量。",
      "需要进行强类型检查以减少运行时错误。",
      "需要跨平台、跨语言的标准化，特别是在浏览器与服务器通信时。",
      "希望将远程调用抽象为本地调用，简化开发。"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 2,
    "explanation": "文档总结部分明确指出，HTTP更适合需要跨平台、跨语言、标准化的场景，尤其是在Web应用和开放API中。它的通用性和易用性是其主要优势，而极致性能通常是RPC的考量点。",
    "source": "文档中「总结」部分",
    "hint": "文档总结部分的第一点直接阐述了HTTP的适用范围和优势。"
  },
  {
    "question": "与HTTP相比，RPC的一个显著特点是“类型安全”。这意味着什么？",
    "options": [
      "RPC通信过程是默认加密的，保证了数据传输的安全性。",
      "RPC协议只能在类型相同的编程语言之间进行调用。",
      "RPC可以基于接口定义（IDL）进行强类型检查，有助于在编译阶段发现错误。",
      "RPC的每个请求都包含类型信息，因此数据包比HTTP更大。"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 2,
    "explanation": "RPC框架（如gRPC、Thrift）通常使用接口定义语言（IDL）来预先定义服务接口和数据结构。这使得客户端和服务器两端可以生成类型安全的代码，从而在编译时就能捕捉到类型不匹配等错误，提高了系统的健壮性。",
    "source": "文档中「RPC」-「4. 特点」部分",
    "hint": "“类型安全”通常与接口定义和编译时检查相关联。"
  }
];
        console.log("Quiz Data:", JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(quizData))); // 添加这行用于调试，以可展开的JSON格式输出
        
        let currentQuestionIndex = 0;
        let score = 0;
        // 存储每个问题的回答状态
        const userAnswers = new Array(quizData.length).fill(null); 

        const questionTextEl = document.getElementById('question-text');
        const optionsListEl = document.getElementById('options-list');
        const resultContainerEl = document.getElementById('result-container');
        const quizContentEl = document.getElementById('quiz-content');
        const progressIndicatorEl = document.getElementById('progress-indicator');
        const prevBtn = document.getElementById('prev-btn');
        const nextBtn = document.getElementById('next-btn');
        const hintBtn = document.getElementById('hint-btn');
        const hintContainerEl = document.getElementById('hint-container');

        function loadQuestion() {
          resultContainerEl.innerHTML = '';
          optionsListEl.innerHTML = '';
          hintContainerEl.style.display = 'none'; // 隐藏提示
          
          if (currentQuestionIndex >= quizData.length) {
            showFinalScore();
            return;
          }

          updateProgress();

          const currentQuestion = quizData[currentQuestionIndex];
          questionTextEl.textContent = `(${currentQuestionIndex + 1}/${quizData.length}) ${currentQuestion.question}`;
          
          currentQuestion.options.forEach((optionText, index) => {
            const li = document.createElement('li');
            li.className = 'option-item';
            li.textContent = optionText;
            li.dataset.index = index; // Store index in a data attribute
            // 如果这道题已经回答过，恢复状态
            if (userAnswers[currentQuestionIndex] !== null) {
                if (index === userAnswers[currentQuestionIndex]) {
                    li.classList.add('selected');
                }
            }
            optionsListEl.appendChild(li);
          });

          // 如果已经回答过，直接显示结果
          if (userAnswers[currentQuestionIndex] !== null) {
              const isCorrect = userAnswers[currentQuestionIndex] === currentQuestion.correctAnswerIndex;
              showResult(isCorrect, currentQuestion);
          }
          
          updateNavigationButtons();
          updateProgress();
        }

        function selectOption(optionIndex) {
            userAnswers[currentQuestionIndex] = optionIndex;
            const currentQuestion = quizData[currentQuestionIndex];
            const isCorrect = optionIndex === currentQuestion.correctAnswerIndex;

            // 重新计算分数
            score = userAnswers.reduce((acc, answer, index) => {
                return answer === quizData[index].correctAnswerIndex ? acc + 1 : acc;
            }, 0);

            showResult(isCorrect, currentQuestion);
            updateNavigationButtons();
        }
        
        function updateProgress() {
            const answeredQuestions = userAnswers.filter(answer => answer !== null).length;
            const progressPercentage = (answeredQuestions / quizData.length) * 100;
            progressIndicatorEl.style.width = `${progressPercentage}%`;
        }
        
        function updateNavigationButtons() {
            prevBtn.style.display = 'block';
            nextBtn.style.display = 'block';
            hintBtn.style.display = 'block'; // 显示提示按钮

            prevBtn.disabled = currentQuestionIndex === 0;
            nextBtn.disabled = false; // 最后一题时，下一题按钮不禁用，而是用于显示报告
            nextBtn.textContent = (currentQuestionIndex === quizData.length - 1) ? '查看报告' : '下一题';
            
            // 如果当前问题没有提示，则禁用提示按钮并隐藏提示内容
            if (!quizData[currentQuestionIndex].hint) {
                hintBtn.disabled = true;
                hintContainerEl.style.display = 'none';
                hintContainerEl.textContent = ''; // 清除旧的提示内容
            } else {
                hintBtn.disabled = false;
            }
        }

        function showResult(isCorrect, questionData) {
            resultContainerEl.innerHTML = ''; // 清空之前的结果
            const resultBox = document.createElement('div');
            resultBox.className = `result-box ${isCorrect ? 'correct' : 'incorrect'}`;
            
            let html = `<h3>${isCorrect ? '回答正确！' : '回答错误'}</h3>`;
            if (!isCorrect) {
                html += `<p><strong>正确答案是：</strong> ${questionData.options[questionData.correctAnswerIndex]}</p>`;
            }
            html += `<div class="explanation-text">${questionData.explanation}</div>`;
            html += `<div class="source-text">来源: ${questionData.source}</div>`;
            
            resultBox.innerHTML = html;
            resultContainerEl.appendChild(resultBox);

            // 禁用所有选项的点击事件，并高亮正确/错误答案
            Array.from(optionsListEl.children).forEach((child, index) => {
                child.style.pointerEvents = 'none';
                // 高亮正确答案
                if (index === questionData.correctAnswerIndex) {
                    child.classList.add('correct'); // 需要添加CSS样式
                    child.style.backgroundColor = '#d4edda';
                    child.style.borderColor = '#c3e6cb';
                }
                // 如果选错了，高亮错误选项
                if (!isCorrect && index === userAnswers[currentQuestionIndex]) {
                    child.classList.add('incorrect'); // 需要添加CSS样式
                    child.style.backgroundColor = '#f8d7da';
                    child.style.borderColor = '#f5c6cb';
                }
            });
        }

        function goToNextQuestion() {
            if (currentQuestionIndex < quizData.length - 1) {
                currentQuestionIndex++;
                loadQuestion();
            } else {
                showFinalScore();
            }
        }

        function goToPreviousQuestion() {
            if (currentQuestionIndex > 0) {
                currentQuestionIndex--;
                loadQuestion();
            }
        }
        
        function showHint() {
            const currentQuestion = quizData[currentQuestionIndex];
            if (currentQuestion.hint) {
                hintContainerEl.textContent = currentQuestion.hint;
                hintContainerEl.style.display = 'block';
            } else {
                hintContainerEl.style.display = 'none';
            }
        }

        function showFinalScore() {
            document.querySelector('.quiz-body').style.display = 'none';
            document.getElementById('quiz-footer').style.display = 'none';

            const correctCount = score;
            const totalQuestions = quizData.length;
            const answeredCount = userAnswers.filter(a => a !== null).length;
            const wrongCount = answeredCount - correctCount;
            const skippedCount = totalQuestions - answeredCount;
            const accuracy = totalQuestions > 0 ? Math.round((correctCount / totalQuestions) * 100) : 0;
            const errorRate = totalQuestions > 0 ? Math.round((wrongCount / totalQuestions) * 100) : 0;

            const finalScoreHtml =
                '<div class="final-score-container">' +
                '<h2>答题报告</h2>' +
                '<div class="score-summary">' +
                '<div class="score-card">' +
                '<h3>得分</h3>' +
                '<p>' + correctCount + ' / ' + totalQuestions + '</p>' +
                '</div>' +
                '<div class="score-card">' +
                '<h3>正确率</h3>' +
                '<p>' + accuracy + '%</p>' +
                '</div>' +
                '<div class="score-card">' +
                '<h3>错误率</h3>' +
                '<p>' + errorRate + '%</p>' +
                '</div>' +
                '<div class="score-card score-details">' +
                '<table>' +
                '<tr><td>正确</td><td>' + correctCount + '</td></tr>' +
                '<tr><td>错误</td><td>' + wrongCount + '</td></tr>' +
                '<tr><td>未答</td><td>' + skippedCount + '</td></tr>' +
                '</table>' +
                '</div>' +
                '</div>' +
                '<div class="report-actions">' +
                '<button id="review-btn">回顾测验</button>' +
                '<button class="primary" onclick="location.reload()">再试一次</button>' +
                '</div>' +
                '</div>';

            let reportEl = document.querySelector('.final-score-container');
            if (reportEl) {
                reportEl.remove();
            }
            quizContentEl.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', finalScoreHtml);
            document.getElementById('review-btn').addEventListener('click', reviewQuiz);
        }

        function reviewQuiz() {
            const reportEl = document.querySelector('.final-score-container');
            if (reportEl) {
                reportEl.remove();
            }

            document.querySelector('.quiz-body').style.display = 'block';
            document.getElementById('quiz-footer').style.display = 'flex';
            
            currentQuestionIndex = 0;
            loadQuestion();
            updateNavigationButtons(); // Ensure nav buttons are correctly displayed
        }

        // Event Delegation for options
        optionsListEl.addEventListener('click', (event) => {
            if (event.target && event.target.matches('li.option-item')) {
                // Check if the question has already been answered
                if (userAnswers[currentQuestionIndex] === null) {
                    const selectedIndex = parseInt(event.target.dataset.index, 10);
                    selectOption(selectedIndex);
                }
            }
        });

        prevBtn.addEventListener('click', goToPreviousQuestion);
        nextBtn.addEventListener('click', goToNextQuestion);
        hintBtn.addEventListener('click', showHint);
        
        // 初始加载
        loadQuestion();
      </script>
    </body>
    </html>
  